In the last months, the name of a virus not known up to the moment in Latin America began to circulate: the zika, also known as ZIKAV or ZIKV. In February, 2015, the Brazilian authorities began to investigate an outbreak of eruptions in the skin that was concerning six conditions in the region North-East of the country. But it was in May that the Department of Health of Brazil confirmed the traffic of the virus after identifying it in 16 samples in two of these conditions: Bay and Big Rio of the North.
The same month another case was detected in the condition of Sao Paulo, in a person without any record of trip. According to the European Center for the Control and Prevention of Diseases, it is a question of the first outbreak of the disease that has received documents in Latin America. Later, BBC World compiles what you must know on the topic. What is The virus zika is caused by the sting of a mosquito and there are catalogued as an arbovirus belonging to the kind flavivirus, that are those that animal invertebrates as long-legged and ticks transmit the human being.
The zika is similar to the fastidiousness, the yellow fever, the virus of the Western Nile and the Japanese encephalitis. It is transmitted after the sting of a mosquito of the kind aedes, as the Aedes Aegypti, which causes the fastidiousness. Origin The virus was identified in 1947 by the first time in Uganda, specifically in Zika's forests. It revealed itself in a monkey Rhesus when a study was realized it brings over Of the transmission of the yellow fever in the jungle. Analyses serológicos confirmed the infection in human beings in Uganda and Tanzania in 1952, but it was in 1968 that was achieved to isolate the virus with samples from persons' in Nigeria. Genetic analyses have demonstrated that two big lineages exist in the virus: the African and the Asian. Previous outbreaks In 2007 the infection was registered in Yap's island, which forms a part of Micronesia, in the Pacific Ocean. It was the first time that detected the virus to itself out of his geographical original area: Africa and Asia.
At the end of October, 2013, an outbreak began in the French Polynesia, also in the Pacific Ocean, in which 10.000 cases were identified. Of this total, approximately 70 were serious. The patients developed neurological complications, since meningoencefalitis, and autoimmune, since leucopenia (decrease of the normal level of leukocytes in the blood). In February, 2014 the Chilean authorities confirmed a case of autochthonous transmission in the Easter Island. The same one coincided with an outbreak with New Caledonia and the Islands Cook. Again in the Pacific Ocean. Time of incubation Is in the habit of ranging between 3 and 12 days. After this period, the symptoms appear. Nevertheless, the infection also can appear of asymptomatic form.
According to a study published in the medical magazine The New England, one of four persons develops symptoms. There has not been brought any death that has been caused by the disease. The majority of the persons recovers and the rate of hospitalization is low. Symptoms Generally, they last between four and seven days and can get confused with those of the fastidiousness. In the cases in which the signs that reveal the disease are moderated, the person can have fever of less of 39°C, headache, weakness, muscular pain and in the joints, inflammation that is in the habit of centering in hands and feet, not purulent conjunctivitis, edema in the low members and eruption in the skin, which tends to begin in the face and then to spread over the whole body.
With fewer frequency they present vomits, diarrhea, abdominal pain and lack of appetite. The complications of neurological and autoimmune type have been exceptional up to the moment due to the fact that only they were seen in the French Polynesia. Treatment there is neither a vaccine nor a specific treatment for the zika, only a symptomatic managing that consists of resting and in To take acetaminofén or paracetamol for the control of the fever. The use of aspirins does not recommend to itself for the risk of bled that it transports. Also one advises to consume liquid galore to relieve the one that gets lost for different reasons. To handle the pruritus caused by the eruption, they can be in use antihistamínicos. It is necessary to be kept removed from the patient at least during the first week of the disease to avoid the contagion.
Prevention Like the transmission happens for the sting of a mosquito, there is recommended the use of mosquito nets that can impregnate with insecticide and the installation of meshes antimosquitos if they are not had. They must be in use repellent with Icaridina and clothes that covers the extremities, in order that there are fewer possibilities of suffering a sting. The risk for the continent thinks in the potential of transmission of the disease, that it takes root in that the mosquitos transmitters of the virus live in the region and in the population density of the same one. Sources: Pan-American Organization of the Health, European Center for the Control and Prevention of Diseases, National Library of Medicine and Institutes of Health of The United States and WebMD
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